Case 28 — Surgery

An incision over the affected area has been made. Large blood vessels can be seen on the surface of the lesion.

Surgical photograph showing the incision over the arteriovenous fistula with large blood vessels visible on the surface.
Surgical exposure of the fistula.

The fistula is being peeled out of the surrounding tissue by ligating vessels on the periphery of the lesion, gradually working around the fistula.

The fistula being dissected and removed by ligating peripheral vessels.
Dissection and ligation of peripheral vessels.

The entire fistula has been removed.

The surgical site after complete removal of the arteriovenous fistula.
Surgical site after complete removal.

The fistula as it appeared immediately after removal.

The excised arteriovenous fistula specimen.
Excised fistula specimen.
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