Case 7 — Contrast Echocardiogram
Right parasternal echocardiogram taken immediately after agitated saline injection. Microbubbles (white dots) are visible in the right atrium (RA), within the atrial septal defect, and in the left atrium (LA), indicating a right-to-left shunt at the atrial level. In a normal animal, bubbles would be filtered by the pulmonary capillaries and never reach the left heart.